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n-1-2-012.05a
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1995-07-21
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012.05: Ebone
by Marieke G. Dekker
<dekker@rare.nl>
The European Backbone (Ebone) is a consortium of organizations
which contribute to the management, operation, and funding of an
European international network backbone connecting research
network service providers. Connectivity will be offered between
these networks and to the United States and the rest of the
international Internet. Ebone will offer an Internet Protocol
(IP) production service, and an ISO-CLNS pilot service. Both the
production and pilot services operate at the network layer, level
3 of the ISO Reference Model.
The requirement for Europe-wide network connectivity at
increasing bandwidth and for high-speed connectivity to US
networks has long been recognized. In recent years, this demand
has focused on IP services. Until late 1991 such connectivity was
available only to individual national and international research
networks.
Ebone focuses on supporting networking organizations which serve
the European academic and research communities. Through Ebone,
European researchers have improved access and higher-performance
connections to their colleagues throughout Europe and the United
States. With Ebone, network interconnection is simplified and
there is a greater economy of scale in terms of operations and
transmission cost.
Furthermore, by encouraging the participation of commercial
network service providers (e.g., PTTs, information technology
companies), Ebone will increase the size of the participating
communities, reduce individual costs, encourage the participation
of industrial researchers, and stimulate the creation of
competitive international IP networking services in Europe.
Ebone complements other European activities such as the X.25
service provided by the International X.25 Infrastructure (IXI)
network, and the European 2 Mbps MultiProtocol Pilot (EMPP).
Ebone will operate a core backbone running from London to
Stockholm to Amsterdam, to CERN in Geneva, to Montpellier in
France and finally back to London. The Stockholm-Amsterdam and
Amsterdam-Geneva links operate at 512 kbps, the rest at 256 kbps.
Intercontinental links to the United States are provided from
London, Stockholm and Geneva.
National and international networks connect to these core
backbone sites. Demand for Ebone services is growing rapidly.
Additional links and increased capacity will be installed to
satisfy this demand, and several such upgrades are in planning.
Ebone is managed by the Ebone Management Committee made up of
representatives from selected member organizations. Operational
support is provided by core and other sites in cooperation with
Ebone Network Operations Center at The Royal Institute of
Technology (KTH) in Stockholm.
Ebone began in September 1991 when representatives of several
European academic and research networks met to resolve long-
standing European connectivity problems. Their approach was to
evaluate existing available links, to look for opportunities to
bring these links together quickly under a unified approach, and
to make plans to enhance these links. Contributions were
secured, a management structure was established, operational
procedures were put in place, and an overall contribution-
oriented funding approach was agreed.
The effort was formally started in January 1992. Each
participating organization has signed a Memorandum of
Understanding which defines the terms of Ebone membership and the
resources which each member contributes to the Ebone effort.
Ebone now has 14 member organizations (see chart), with new
members joining regularly.
The present flexible contribution-oriented approach is expected
to evolve towards a more formal funding structure. Over the
longer term, it is anticipated that the Ebone will become a part
of the multi-protocol networking infrastructure to be provided by
the RARE initiated Operational Unit.
For More Information About Ebone, please contact Marieke Dekker
at the RARE Secretariat (E-mail: ebone@rare.nl, tel: +31 20 639
1131).
[LAYOUT: Run as Table]
As of March 20, 1992, the following Member Organisations have
formally joined the Ebone Consortium:
ACOnet, Austria
ARIADNet, Greece
EARN
EUnet/EurOpen
FORTH, Greece (Crete)
ICRF, UK
ILAN, Israel
JNT, UK
NORDUnet
RARE
RedIRIS, Spain
SURFnet, Netherlands
ULB, Belgium
YUNAC, Yugoslavia
The following organizations have formally expressed support and
cooperation with the Ebone initative, while not intending to join
the Consortium by signing the Memorandum of Understanding:
CERN
IBM
NSF
PTT Telecom, Netherlands
The following organizations have expressed interest in joining
the Ebone Consortium and announced the intention of signing the
MoU:
DFN, Germany
FCCN, Portugal
GMD, Germany
KTH, Sweden
KU Leuven, Belgium
NIKHEF, Netherlands
Nordic Carriers
RENATER, France
STI International/TIPnet
SwipNet/Tele2, Sweden
SWITCH, Switzerland
UCD, Ireland
XLINK, Germany